Additional Material Research Articles

Attention towards chemistry agnostic and explainable battery lifetime prediction

Predicting and monitoring battery life early and across chemistries is a significant challenge due to the plethora of degradation paths, form factors, and electrochemical testing protocols. Existing models typically translate poorly across different electrode, electrolyte, and additive materials, mostly require a fixed number of cycles, and are limited to a single discharge protocol. Here, an attention-based recurrent algorithm for neural analysis (ARCANA) architecture is developed and trained on an ultra-large, proprietary dataset from BASF and a large Li-ion dataset gathered from literature across the globe. ARCANA generalizes well across this diverse set of chemistries, electrolyte formulations, battery designs, and cycling protocols and thus allows for an extraction of data-driven knowledge of the degradation mechanisms. The model’s adaptability is further demonstrated through fine-tuning on Na-ion batteries. ARCANA advances the frontier of large-scale time series models in analytical chemistry beyond textual data and holds the potential to significantly accelerate discovery-oriented battery research endeavors.

Panji Asmorobangun Mask Dance as Local Culture and Its Relevance to Character Educational Values

Instilling cultural values can be done early on through learning that utilizes teaching materials available in the surrounding environment. It is considered that the learning process can run effectively and efficiently and in accordance with the potential of local wisdom. One of the alternative teaching materials can be taken by utilizing the circumstances surrounding the students’ environment which are used as additional teaching materials. In addition, the teaching materials contain local wisdom so that the given knowledge is wider. The introduction of the wealth of local wisdom in the form of traditions in East Java, especially Malang, has an orientation towards developing the national character based on local wisdom and unique culture in Indonesia. This research aimed to describe and analyze character educational values that could be found in the Panji Asmorobangun mask dance as a local culture of Malang. The research method used was descriptive qualitative research method, with data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation. The research result found that character educational values in dance material are based on local wisdom obtained through the learning process of the Panji Asmorobangun mask dance. Character education values that emerged include religious, nationalist, loving the environment, mutual help, independence, excellence, empathy, mutual cooperation, responsibility, and integrity. This value was reflected in the idea of the dance work, and the structure of the work which consists of movements, musical accompaniment, costumes, and mask properties in dance. This research was a form of preserving local culture by introducing traditional dance at schools, by instilling educational values embedded in a curriculum filled with local cultural values so that the next generations kept interest and sustained their national identity. Keywords: local wisdom, character, mask dance

Initial Characteristics of Alkali–Silica Reaction Products in Mortar Containing Low-Purity Calcined Clay

An alkali–silica reaction (ASR) is a chemical process that leads to the formation of an expansive gel, potentially causing durability issues in concrete structures. This article investigates the properties and behaviour of ASR products in mortar with the addition of low-purity calcined clay as an additional material. This study includes an evaluation of the expansion and microstructural characteristics of the mortar, as well as an analysis of the formation and behaviour of ASR products with different contents of calcined clay. Expansion tests of the mortar beam specimens were conducted according to ASTM C1567, and a detailed microscopic analysis of the reaction products was performed. Additionally, their mechanical properties were determined using nanoindentation. This study reveals that with an increasing calcined clay content, the amount of the crystalline form of the ASR gel decreases, while the nanohardness increases. The Young’s modulus of the amorphous ASR products ranged from 5 to 12 GPa, while the nanohardness ranged from 0.41 to 0.67 GPa. The obtained results contribute to a better understanding of how the incorporation of low-purity calcined clay influences the ASR in mortar, providing valuable insights into developing sustainable and durable building materials for the construction industry.

Characterization of selected additive manufacturing materials for synchrotron monochromatic imaging and broad-beam radiotherapy at the Australian synchrotron- imaging and medical beamline.

This study aims to characterize radiological properties of selected additive manufacturing (AM) materials utilizing both material extrusion and vat photopolymerization technologies. Monochromatic synchrotron X-ray images and synchrotron treatment beam dosimetry were acquired at the hutch 3B of the Australian synchrotron - imaging and medical beamline (AS-IMBL).
Approach: Eight energies from 30 keV up to 65 keV were used to acquire the attenuation coefficients of the AM materials. Comparison of theoretical, and experimental attenuation data of AM materials and standard solid water for MV linac was performed. Broad-beam dosimetry experiment through attenuated dose measurement and a Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation were done for the studied materials to investigate its attenuation properties specific for a 4 tesla wiggler field with varying synchrotron radiation beam qualities.
Main results: PLA plus matches attenuation coefficients of both soft tissue and brain tissue, while ABS, ASA, and Draft resin have close equivalence to adipose tissue. Lastly, PLA, CPE plus, TPU, and White resins are promising substitute materials for breast tissue. For broad-beam experiment and simulation, many of the studied materials were able to simulate RMI457 SolidWater and bolus within +/-10% for the three synchrotron beam qualities. These results are useful in fabricating phantoms for synchrotron and other related medical radiation applications such as orthovoltage treatments. 
Significance and conclusion: These 3D printing materials were studied as potential substitutes for selected tissues such as breast tissue, adipose tissue, soft-tissue, and brain tissue useful in fabricating 3D printed phantoms for synchrotron imaging, therapy, and orthovoltage applications. Fabricating customizable heterogeneous anthropomorphic phantoms (e.g. breast, head, thorax) and pre-clinical animal phantoms (e.g. rodents, canine) for synchrotron imaging and radiotherapy using AM can be done based on the results of this study.

Chemical short-range disorder in lithium oxide cathodes.

Ordered layered structures serve as essential components in lithium (Li)-ion cathodes1-3. However, on charging, the inherently delicate Li-deficient frameworks become vulnerable to lattice strain and structural and/or chemo-mechanical degradation, resulting in rapid capacity deterioration and thus short battery life2,4. Here we report an approach that addresses these issues using the integration of chemical short-range disorder (CSRD) into oxide cathodes, which involves the localized distribution of elements in a crystalline lattice over spatial dimensions, spanning a few nearest-neighbour spacings. This is guided by fundamental principles of structural chemistry and achieved through an improved ceramic synthesis process. To demonstrate its viability, we showcase how the introduction of CSRD substantially affects the crystal structure of layered Li cobalt oxide cathodes. This is manifested in the transition metal environment and its interactions with oxygen, effectively preventing detrimental sliding of crystal slabs and structural deterioration during Li removal. Meanwhile, it affects the electronic structure, leading to improved electronic conductivity. These attributes are highly beneficial for Li-ion storage capabilities, markedly improving cycle life and rate capability. Moreover, we find that CSRD can be introduced in additional layered oxide materials through improved chemical co-doping, further illustrating its potential to enhance structural and electrochemical stability. These findings open up new avenues for the design of oxide cathodes, offering insights into the effects of CSRD on the crystal and electronic structure of advanced functional materials.

Mitigation of Soil Erosion and Enhancement of Slope Stability through the Utilization of Lignin Biopolymer.

Human activities have had a profound impact on the environment, particularly in relation to surface erosion and landslides. These processes, which are natural phenomena, have been exacerbated by human actions, leading to detrimental consequences for ecosystems, communities, and the overall health of the planet. The use of lignin (LIG) as a biopolymer soil additive material is regarded as an eco-friendly solution against soil erosion and slope failure which holds immense promise. However, significant research gaps currently hinder a comprehensive understanding of its mechanisms and effectiveness. Experimental studies offer a robust platform to address these gaps by providing controlled conditions for assessing soil stability, exploring mechanisms, and evaluating adaptability. Bridging these research gaps will contribute to the development of innovative and sustainable strategies for mitigating soil erosion and preventing slope failure, thereby promoting environmental resilience and resource conservation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the LIG biopolymer on mitigation of soil erosion, slope failure and the enhancement of soil strength by conducting laboratory tests (UU triaxial, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and soaking) as well as flume experiments under uniform rainfall events. The alterations in the engineering characteristics and erosion resistance of silty soil mixed with a LIG additive at concentrations of 1% and 3.0% by weight have been examined. The results show that the LIG-treated samples demonstrated an enhanced resistance to surface erosion and an enhanced prevention of slope failure, as well as improved shear stress, cohesion, stiffness, and resistance to water infiltration.

From Formulation to Application: Effects of Plasticizer on the Printability of Fluoro Elastomer Compounds and Additive Manufacturing of Specialized Seals

This work investigated material extrusion additive manufacturing (MatEx AM) of specialized fluoroelastomer (FKM) compounds for applications in rubber seals and gaskets. The influence of a commercially available perfluoropolyether (PFPE) plasticizer on the printability of a control FKM rubber compound was studied using a custom-designed ram material extruder, Additive Ram Material Extruder (ARME), for printing fully compounded thermoset elastomers. The plasticizer’s effectiveness was assessed based on its ability to address challenges such as high compound viscosity and post-print shrinkage, as well as its impact on interlayer adhesion. The addition of the PFPE plasticizer significantly reduced the FKM compound’s viscosity (by 70%) and post-print shrinkage (by 65%). While the addition of the plasticizer decreased the tensile strength of the control compound, specimens printed with the plasticized FKM retained 34% of the tensile strength of compression-molded samples, compared to only 23% for the unplasticized compound. Finally, the feasibility of seals and gaskets manufacturing using both conventional and unconventional additive manufacturing (AM) approaches was explored. A hybrid method combining AM and soft tooling for compression molding emerged as the optimal method for seal and gasket fabrication.

Abstract PO2-29-02: Towards Precision Medicine in Breast Imaging: A Novel Open Mammography Database with Tailor-Made 3D Image Retrieval for Artificial Intelligence and Teaching

Abstract Objectives: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer is the most frequent malignant neoplasia and leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Low- and middle-income countries hold the worst survival rates mainly owing to a lack of access to appropriate diagnosis and treatment related resources. For proper early diagnosis, it is established that besides the physical structure itself (e.g., mammography units), there's a need for adequate interpretation of imaging and that might be a particularly major problem in low-income societies once there is a tendency of greater education setbacks. Mammography datasets can improve this resource-driven gap by enabling the development of artificial intelligence technologies (AI) which can make breast cancer diagnosis more accurate in a cost-effective and scalable way. We aim to create a new database of high quality digital mammography images suitable for AI development and education. Methods: Our mammography database was developed by means of retrospective selection of 100 exams performed by Hospital São Paulo - Federal University of São Paulo ranging from 2019 to 2023. The project is assumed to be safe, versatile, and usable, and required an extensive search for the appropriate tool. Ambra Health, an American company, has developed cloud-based software for medical image management and stood out as a viable alternative. Their platform meets international data security criteria, they also made the intended careful customization possible, in addition to the possibility of associating image and text attachments. The categories were created in accordance with the BI-RADS® descriptors, a wide range of clinical scenarios and additional materials available, and they served as the basis for the advanced search feature, which intuitively filters exams that meet the selected criteria simultaneously. The platform was integrated with an automatic anonymization system upon upload, ensuring data privacy. After submission, the exams are retained in a restricted area for anonymization verification, categorization, and attachment management, before being released to the end-user. So as to broaden geographic coverage, the descriptors were entered in American English, respecting the origin of the BI-RADS® lexicon, as for the website structure, automatic translation to the accessing browser standard language was selected. Results: Our website is active and available at http://mamografia.unifesp.br, with access granted upon a simple registration process. 941 mammography images from 100 anonymized cases, 62% of which include 3D images, can be filtered based on the combination of 113 clinical and imaging variables, as well as attachment availability. The language is adaptable to the user's native language, and categorized searches can be accessed directly from the browser or downloaded as customized datasets. Additionally, features such as saved searches or starred exams are also available. Conclusion: We have developed an online and free mammography database that is completely innovative by integrating various resources into a single platform. We provide high-resolution and 3D digital images that can be searched using an advanced search system. Moreover, we offer supplementary clinical information in various attachment formats, favoring a rich clinical correlation. In this way, we have achieved the ambivalence of our goal, which was to promote education and research. *"images speak louder than words" Database: https://mamografia.unifesp.br Tutorials: https://www.youtube.com/@Mamografiaunifesp e-mail: acesso@mamografia.unifesp.br password: acesso@mamografia12 (valid until dec/23) Citation Format: Natália Cordeiro, Gil Facina, Afonso Nazário, Vanessa Sanvido, Joaquim Araujo Neto, Morgana Silva, Simone Elias. Towards Precision Medicine in Breast Imaging: A Novel Open Mammography Database with Tailor-Made 3D Image Retrieval for Artificial Intelligence and Teaching [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-29-02.

Abstract PO5-11-09: Participants’ experience with an online mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention for anxiety management in breast cancer survivors: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and treatment can lead to multiple symptoms with a negative impact on the quality of life of survivors. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) interventions have shown to improve anxiety, depression, and stress in patients with cancer across multiple settings. However, the effectiveness of an online MBSR program has not been studied. Methods This is an explanatory qualitative sub-study of a randomized trial of an online MBSR intervention versus a waitlist control. Participants were Mexican women aged ≥18 years diagnosed with stage 0-III BC 1-5 years prior to inclusion, not currently undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy, with moderate to severe anxiety (baseline GAD-7 score ≥10). The intervention consisted of 8 weekly 2-hour Zoom sessions with body scan meditation and yoga practice led by a certified instructor. Participants received a digital manual with exercises, audio for guided practice, and a video of postures for balance and flexibility. The primary outcome of the trial was anxiety at 2, 5, and 8 months after the intervention. Two focus groups were conducted via Zoom; 21 participants from the intervention arm were selected and invited according to the difference in GAD-7 scores between baseline and 8 months. The first group consisted of 7 participants (median age 53 years, range 39-62) with a decrease in GAD-7 score of ≥4 points (mean -9.1, SD 3.7); the second group consisted of 7 participants (median age 54 years, range 44-64) with a decrease of < 4 points or an increase in GAD-7 score (mean -1.2, SD 1.9). Each focus group was conducted 14 and 9 months after the MBSR intervention, respectively, and had a duration of 110 and 113 minutes, respectively. Audio and video were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed and themes were developed, focusing on participants’ experience with the online intervention and its perceived benefits. Results The weekly sessions and at-home practice functioned as a “personal haven” for participants. At-home deliberate practice and the additional audio and video materials were considered essential for the effectiveness of the intervention. Participants no longer needed to consciously follow step-by-step directions, as the practices had become a part of who they were, even several months after the intervention. Breathing exercises were frequently used by participants on a day- to-day basis. Regarding the mindfulness practice itself, some participants indicated that they noticed positive changes in their character and demeanor, and in their reactions to everyday and BC-related stressors, including situations such as medical consultations and possible news regarding their treatment. In that sense, they mentioned that all they learned is useful for their life in general, and not exclusive to BC survivors. Despite differences in improvement of anxiety by GAD-7 scores between the focus groups, most participants in both groups referred to the intervention as “life-changing”. Most participants in both groups perceived the online format of the intervention as positive: it allowed them to join in from any location and fit the program into their daily routine with less time commitment. Likewise, the privacy of their homes made them feel more comfortable expressing themselves during the weekly sessions. A high level of recognition, appreciation and gratitude towards the instructor was observed. Some participants noted that contact with the instructor and other participants was limited due to the online format, preventing them from forming friendships or a sense of community. Conclusion BC survivors’ opinion of an online MBSR program was largely positive regarding the benefits of the intervention and its delivery format. Moreover, the intervention was successful at facilitating participants’ adoption of mindfulness practice in their daily lives and at improving other aspects of their lives beyond BC. Citation Format: Haydee Cristina Verduzco-Aguirre, Maura Pompa Mansilla, Misael Salazar-Alejo, Javier Gutierrez Ornelas, Fernanda Mesa-Chavez, Ana Ferrigno Guajardo, Cynthia Villarreal-Garza. Participants’ experience with an online mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention for anxiety management in breast cancer survivors: A secondary analysis of a randomized trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-11-09.

Additive Manufacturing of Sensors: A Comprehensive Review

AbstractThe  development and manufacturing of sensors are of great importance to modern engineering, as sensors are essential for detecting environmental changes and for the monitoring of various systems. While conventional manufacturing is the most common method for fabricating sensors, additive manufacturing (commonly known as 3D printing) has gained popularity as an efficient alternative. Although additively manufactured sensors are applicable in many engineering fields, building an entire sensor (including the housing structure and sensing components) by additive manufacturing remains challenging. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the additive manufacturing processes, materials, and applications for sensors that are either fully or partially produced by additive manufacturing. Key issues in material development and processes that limit the development of fully 3D-printed sensors are highlighted. Additionally, the role of additively manufactured sensors plays in green technology has been explored. This review is expected to provide the researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the processes and materials used to produce sensors for various applications.

Facile Preparation of Stable NiII‐ and CoII‐tetraaminophthalocyanine Electropolymers for Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Carbon Dioxide Reduction

This study focused on preparation of stable polymer films of NiII‐ and CoII‐tetraaminophthalocyanines, p‐NiTAPc and p‐CoTAPc, respectively, for highly efficient heterogeneous electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction in a flow electrolysis cell. Major development represented in this work was fabrication of p‐NiTAPc and p‐CoTAPc films via electropolymerization of their corresponding monomers on carbon‐based substrates without using binder or conducting additive materials to obtain efficient gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) for scalable, productive and selective CO2‐to‐CO conversion. The target polymers were characterized by UV‐visible spectrophotometry, attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. According to controlled potential electrolysis and gas chromatography, p‐NiTAPc‐catalyzed CO2 reduction at –0.99V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) gave 953 mL of CO in a period of 16 hours with current density and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 109±1 mA·cm‐2 and 99±2%, respectively. A p‐CoTAPc‐modified GDE exhibited superior catalytic performance to the case of p‐NiTAPc in terms of catalyst stability and CO productivity by performing the continuous CO2 reduction at the potential of –1.10 V vs. RHE for up to 41 hours and affording almost 3 times higher amount of CO with the current density of 161±5 mA/cm2 and 95±2% FE.

Chinese Negative Reactions to Positive Gender Stereotypes: A Perspective of Psychological Reactance Theory

Individuals’ lives depend heavily on their freedom, which is why they may respond with reactance if freedom is threatened. Our research, which spans four studies with 1,486 Chinese students as participants, from the perspective of psychological reactance theory, provides evidence that positive gender stereotypes can provoke targets’ negative reactions. In Study 1, participants who heard a speaker state a positive gender stereotype (e.g., “women are beautiful” and “men are strong”) disliked the speaker more, believed that the speaker was more gender prejudiced, and experienced stronger negative emotions than those who heard no stereotype. In Studies 2−4, freedom threat was a crucial mediator in the relation between the positive gender stereotype and targets’ negative reactions. Furthermore, depersonalization also played a parallel mediating role. Although positive gender stereotypes seem superficially complimentary, they may have detrimental effects on interpersonal relations. Our research suggests that people should refrain from using stereotypes in their interpersonal interactions whenever possible. Even though people may sometimes inevitably convey positive stereotypes to others, they should be given the freedom to minimize the negative consequences of such stereotypes. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/DOI: 10.1177/03616843241242711

Gold Nanosheet modified Electrode with Reduced Impedance for Electrophysiological Recordings

In neurophysiological recording, reducing electrode impedance is crucial for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio and achieving the desired spatial resolution. This study presents an approach to improve the performance of Au/Cr/glass electrodes by incorporating synthesized gold nanosheets without the need for additional adhesive material. We characterized the performance of the modified electrodes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and equivalent circuit analysis. Our findings showed an 81% reduction in mean impedance for the modified electrode, which was 0.85 kΩ at 1 kHz, compared to the unmodified electrode at 4.5 kΩ, an improvement attributed to the higher effective surface area of the modified electrode. Additionally, Scanning electron microscopy observations of PC12 cells cultured on the modified electrodes indicated favorable cell elongation and interaction with the rough surface. Stability studies indicated acceptable performance of the modified electrodes in solution environments. These results suggest that surface modification of electrodes with gold nanosheets could be a promising strategy for enhancing neural interface applications.

Assessment of consolidative multi-criteria decision making (C-MCDM) algorithms for optimal mapping of polymer materials in additive manufacturing: A case study of orthotic application

ObjectiveThe objectives of this research are twofold. The primary goal is to introduce, investigate, and contrast consolidative multi-criteria decision-making (C-MCDM) approaches. The second objective is the investigation of five alternative additive manufacturing materials. MethodsIt integrates the subjective and objective weights using the Bayes hypothesis in conjunction with a normal method. Chang's Extent Analysis Method under fuzzy logic is used to estimate subjective weights and the CRITIC approach is used for assessing objective weights. Ranking techniques, including the simple ranking process (SRP), multi-objective optimization based on ratio analysis (MOORA), measurement alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS), and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) are applied. It also encompasses sensitivity analysis based on Kendall's coefficient of concordance and rank reversal phenomenon analysis. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, a weighted rank measure of correlation, and rank similarity coefficient are among the metrics used to evaluate agreement between different approaches. It entails gathering expert opinions regarding the importance of various criteria as well as conducting extensive experiments. ResultsThe findings of the study indicate that polylactic acid is the best material to use for orthoses. When compared to the other MCDM approaches being discussed, SRP is the most reliable approach. It is also demonstrated that the SRP, MARCOS, and TOPSIS methods are rank reversal-free. Furthermore, SRP exhibits a very poor association with the TOPSIS technique but a strong correlation with the MOORA and MARCOS approaches. ConclusionsTo ensure results reliability, it is necessary to consider both the subjectivity and objectivity of weights as well as apply multiple MCDM methodologies in addition to sensitivity analysis.

Neoliberal Feminism and Women's Protest Motivation

A popular form of neoliberal feminism seeks to advance gender equality in leadership and beyond by encouraging women to be resilient as individuals. By locating career advancement as within an individual's control, recent research has shown that this focus subtly shifts the blame for gender inequality onto women and reduces support for needed structural changes to tackle gender discrimination. We extend research into neoliberal feminism by examining anticipated negative effects on women's protest motivation. Across four studies in the United Kingdom (total N = 1,168), undergraduate women students and employed women with university degrees in both the control and resilience conditions first read about gender inequality. Participants in the neoliberal feminist conditions then read messages promoting individual resilience as key to women's advancement (Study 1–3) or participated in activities designed to build their own resilience as individuals to help them advance (Study 4). In Studies 1, 3, and 4, participants in the neoliberal feminist conditions compared to the control had lower collective action intentions – a negative effect that was either indirect, via reduced perceptions of gender discrimination (Studies 1 and 4) and reduced anger over inequality (Study 1), or direct (Study 3). Together, these studies provided partial support for our hypothesis that neoliberal feminism can undermine women's protest motivation. Future research can help establish how contextual and other factors contribute to the strength of these effects and explore how feminists can better harness messages of resilience. To advance gender equality, our findings suggest that advocates should focus less on individualistic solutions and more on addressing structural barriers, laying the groundwork for effective protest action and social change. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843241238176 .

Enhancement mechanism of shear properties for SiO2 ceramics by laser welding with Al2O3/SiO2 powder

The laser direct fusion welding of SiO2 ceramics was a global challenge in the manufacture of radome. The paper explored the laser direct fusion welding of SiO2 ceramics, investigated the influence of filling powder addition and welding material composition on the formation of weld. The findings revealed that the addition of welding material effectively addressed the issue of weld formation in laser direct fusion welding SiO2 ceramic. However, the abundance of internal bubbles within the weld emerged as a significant impediment to further enhancing weld strength. The addition of SiO2/Al2O3 mixed powder not only significantly reduced the quantity and size of internal bubbles within the weld but also generated the strengthening phase Al2SiO5, leading to a substantial increase in weld shear strength, reaching a maximum of 106% of the base material. The research results provided a new solution for direct melting welding of ceramics.

Untangling the Magelonidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of southern Africa, including the description of a new species

‘A monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa’ by J. H. Day, published in 1967 and covering over 700 species, was considered an essential reference text for marine biologists. Nonetheless, despite the major contribution it has made, we now know that the biodiversity of Polychaeta (commonly known as bristleworms) in southern Africa has been underestimated by more than 500 species. As one of the top 20 polychaete families highlighted as requiring revision in southern Africa, direct observation of magelonids in the collections of Iziko Museums of South Africa and Natural History Museum, London identified by John Day, and additional material has been carried out. This has revealed that the original description of Magelona capensis was based on two species. Consequently, an additional redescription of the holotype of M. capensis is provided herein, and the additional material is described as Magelona ekapa sp. nov. The new species shares similarities with eight species comprising the ‘Magelona pitelkai group’, which is further discussed. A redescription of M. cincta is also provided based on the holotype and freshly collected material. A specimen from Morrumbene Estuary, southern Mozambique, originally identified as M. cincta likely represents an undescribed species: images and a description are provided here, but the species will remain undescribed until further material becomes available. A dichotomous indentification key and a table of characters is provided for all known southern African species of the Magelonidae.

Identification of the effect of electric pulse discharges on the recycling of household glass

The work was devoted to the study of the recycling of household glass waste by the electric pulse method. Cullet and glass containers were considered as the object of research. Cullet and used glass containers are considered suitable for recycling among solid household waste. The treatment of solid household waste was carried out with the formation of electrical discharges in an inhomogeneous environment (glass fragments and glass products in an aqueous environment). The experiments were carried out at different values of pulse discharge voltage (from 12 kV to 37 kV), capacitor bank capacity (from 0.4 to 1.2 µF), number of pulse discharges (from 250 to 1,000) and frequency (from 0.3 Hz to 2 Hz). The dependence of the output of the finished product on the parameters of electric pulse discharges has been revealed from the research results. According to the main results of the research work, it was found that as the parameters of electric pulse discharges increase, the yield of the finished product increases. The data made it possible to assign effective parameters for processing cullet and glass products using the electric pulse method. The granulometric composition of the powder material obtained by this method has been determined. A product with a diameter of the largest fraction of 5-8 mm and a diameter of a small fraction of 0.4 mm and 0.7 mm was obtained. The results of the experiment can be used in research on saving natural resources, energy conservation and solving environmental problems of solid waste recycling. Powdered glass is used as a thermal insulator and decorative material in construction. In addition, crushed glass is used in the production of concrete as an additional raw material.

3D printed lightweight honeycomb vent structures with subsequent coating of silver nanowires for efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding

In light of the rapid advancements within the electronic industry, the urgent need for the development and implementation of advanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials has become paramount. Herein a novel approach is presented for developing of lightweight honeycomb structures using 3D printing technology, combined with subsequent conductive spray coating, containing Silver Nanowires (AgNWs), to achieve effective EMI shielding as well as air vent functionality for thermal cooling.Using polyol method, AgNWs were synthesized having high aspect ratio and crystallinity for to be used as conductive coating on 3D printed structures. The EMI shielding results in X-band demonstrated that the developed structures exhibit promising EMI shielding properties, up to 35 dB attenuation with 2 mm honeycomb cell size, making them suitable for applications requiring EMI protection along with air venting. More importantly in all samples major contribution of the shielding efficiency comes from the absorption of the EM waves (up to 75 %) inside the structures which is helpful to reduce reflected EM noise.Effort was to effectively addresses the inherent limitations of conventional processing technology, by using additive manufacturing and material science to create structures for EMI shielding applications, bridging the gap between existing materials and desired components.

Advances in carbon fiber-based electromagnetic shielding materials: Composition, structure, and application

With the swift advancement of wireless communication technology, there is increasing concern regarding the potential hazards posed by electromagnetic radiation emitted from various electronic devices. Carbon fiber (CF)-based composites have emerged as a vital component in structure function integrated electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding research, attributable to their exceptional electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. This review summarizes recent research advances in CF-based composites for EMI shielding. Initially, it explores the influence of factors such as the geometric form of CFs on their EMI shielding properties. Since CF is inefficient when used alone for EMI shielding, so additional EMI filler materials are often introduced. Therefore, delves into an in-depth analysis of the reinforcement mechanisms provided by the incorporated second-phase materials, as well as the smart structural designs within the CF-based composites. On this basis, the applications of CF-based EMI shielding materials in the fields of thermal conductivity, flexible wearable technology, and aerospace are reviewed. Additionally, the review offers a perspective on the future development trends and prospects of CF-based composites in the field of EMI shielding based on the current research status.